WhileDNA in the cell nucleus is continually recombined at each generation, the DNA of the mitochondriaremain constant -- they are passed from mother to child with only very minimal mutations (a rate of1 every 10,000 years in the areas Sykes studied). This means that you have, stretching back intothe mists of time, an unbroken chain of maternal relationships recorded in your genes.
Theapplications of this that Sykes comes up with are interesting: he can prove that the woman whoclaimed to be the princess Anastasia was not related to the tsar's family, he can show thatPolynesia was settled from Asia rather than from South America (as Thor Heyerdahl conjectured), andmost astonishingly, he can break down most modern europeans as belonging to one of seven maternalclans.
This information was used to solve a mystery in anthropology -- whether farmers from thenear east drove the hunter-gatherer population out of Europe or whether the hunter gatherers adoptedagriculture and remained -- Sykes concludes the latter.
As an entertaining way of expressing theconcept of the seven different clan mothers, Sykes calls them the seven daughters of Eve, and givesthem names and a brief description of their "lives". This is clearly done from a sense of whimsy,and although some feel it distracts from his scholarly tone throughout most of the book, I found ita charming was of expressing the concept -- as well as a somewhat chilling description of what lifein the stone age was really like.
This a wonderful summer book to bring to the beach -- enoughscience to be interesting, but light and entertaining enough for the beach. Highly recommended.
Still, an interesting book and afascinating look into one slice of the science of genetics.
While otherswho have written reviews here think that this will shake some people's faith in the Bible, I findthat it fits squarely with Biblical history with the exception of Syke's time lines, which, ofcourse, are based on his extrapolation of mutation rates within the mitochondrial DNA. In having myinterest piqued, I have done more checking and have found out there is recent work showing muchfaster mutation rates than used by Sykes for his chronology, which, in essence, compresses the timeframe much further than asserted in the book. Sykes does not mention any of this work, although ithas been published since 1997. Evolutionary biologists are mystified by these results, but thereare those of us who are not surprised at all.