To start with, this book is a milestone you needto be aware of. Thucydides, its author, is very possibly the first modern historian. He tried toexplain the causes of the Peloponnesian War, without reducing its complexity by saying that the godshad motivated it. Thucydides doesn't follow the easy path; instead, he searches those causes inhuman nature, and in power. He doesn't weave tales, but tries to write History.
It is ratherastonishing how objective this Athenian was when he analyzed the war, and all that happenedimmediately before it. He examines methodically many events, paying special attention to facts. Theauthor also gives his opinion from time to time, but he doesn't judge whether an action is good orevil: he merely shows that those that have power can use it as they see fit. Due to that, Thucydidesis called by many the first realist theoretician. I was especially taken aback by how well heexpresses his ideas regarding the fact that "power makes right" in the Melian debate. I don't agreewith him, but I cannot deny that he makes a powerful case, and that his point of view is sharednowadays by many noteworthy thinkers.
It is important to point out that in "History of thePeloponnesian War" you will find a painstaking account of many things that actually happened, butalso some speeches that weren't made by the actors, but could have been made by them. To explainthat more clearly: Thucydides wrote some political dialogues and monologues that allow us tounderstand some aspects of the conflict (and many of his ideas) better. The introduction to thisedition also highlights that the author sometimes made up some of the speeches (from the data hehad), and was present when others were pronounced. My favorite speech is the one made by Pericles,in honor of the men who died during the war. In that discourse, he explains why those men fought anddied to defend Athens, and what Athens meant not only for Athenians but also for Greece.
Thisbook isn't easy to read, but it is well-worth the effort. The translation is quite good, so thatwill make your task a little easier. If you don't feel like reading this book all at once, try toread it little by little. The results will be the same, but you won't feel dismayed by the need offinishing it immediately.
Also, if you can, try to relate some of Thucydides themes to our modernworld. You will find that easier that you might think, and it will make you pay more attention towhat you are reading. You are likely to be very surprised, for example, at how similar some ofnowaday's justifications for taking advantage of power without paying attention to justice are tothose that Thucydides already made a long time ago. On the whole, I highly recommend this book:)
Belen Alcat